The College of Science at the University of Basrah organized a seminar  (Mechanisms of spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria) by the graduate student Majid Ahmed Kadhim. The study aims (1-Detection the bacterial isolates in humans and animals that are resistant to the antimicrobes especially to chloramphenicol and florfenicol.

2-Comparsion of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance between the plate discs and molecular genes tests.

3-Detection which is the most antibiotic resistant among the bacterial isolates.)... and included (42 swabs were collected from various animals in Basra, taken from different areas between 11- 2021 and 11- 2022. 75 human bacterial isolates were obtained from previous studies. 9 new global bacterial strains were identified by comparing their nucleotide sequences with their respective species. The database of these new strains was registered in the Japanese DNA Database  and also published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information  and GenBank. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterial species  isolated from humans was higher to chloramphenicol (72%) and fluorphenicol (53%). In contrast, the bacterial species isolated from animals showed greater resistance to C (50%) and F (48%).. and the study was recommended ... (No significant differences among the different bacteria species isolated from animals source. Bacteria isolated from humans were more resistant to antibiotics than those from animals. Although the genetic resistance to antibiotics was not detected, but the resistance on plates was present).