The College of Science at the University of Basrah organized a seminar entitled (Determination of Candidiasis Effects on Toll-like receptors and Interleukins production in Thalassemia patients) by Ph.D student (Salih Jabbar Battah) The study aims to Isolate and identify Candida species that colonize the oral cavity of thalassemia major patients, assessing their growth quantitatively and qualitatively, and evaluating the virulence factors of these species. Also detecting the several immunological effects of Candida species on PBMCs of thalassemia patients in vitro) and the study included collecting oral swabs from thalassemia major patients and healthy people, then isolating and identifying Candida species by morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The enzyme activity of hemolysin, proteinase, phospholipase, and lipase, as well as the ability to form a biofilm of the isolated Candida species, were also measured. In addition, isolating PBMC cells from thalassemia major patients and healthy people and culturing them with the isolated Candida species to determine the profile of the immune response for PBMC cells by measuring the gene expression of some TLR receptors and interleukins. The study recommended:

1. Using candida differential agar and the VITEK 2 system to identify Candida albicans without the need for other confirmative tests.

2. Regular updating of the software program of the VITEK 2 system is necessary to avoid misidentification or non-identification of microorganisms.

3. Study other microorganisms that colonize the oral cavity of thalassemia patients.

4. Study of the immune response of all white blood cells against Candida species in all types of thalassemia and detection of the immune profile of other stimulated (PRR) receptors and cytokines.