A Master's thesis entitled (Geological Characteristics and Spatial Distribution of sand and Gravel Quarries in Basra Governorate- Southern Iraq by using Remote Sensing & GIS techniques). Hold at the College of Science, Geology Department. The presenter Eklhas Abd Al-Hasan  demonstrates the most important objectives of studying using remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems to study, identify and classify sand and gravel quarries after linking them to sedimentary and engineering characteristics, mapping their spatial distribution, and identifying invested and abandoned quarries. The results reached the possibility of using remote sensing techniques to distinguish quarries, as GIS has proven its efficiency in preparing a spatial information base, as well as determining the area and volume of the available material with high accuracy using field work.