A Ph.D. dissertation defense was discussed in the College of Science at the University of Basrah entitled (Cytological and Histopathological Study of Some Herbs Extract of Cichorium intybus on Some Different Types of Normal and Transformed Cell Line in Vivo and in Vitro)) by the graduate student Ziyad Abdulkadhim Mazyed, and the study aims to isolate the crude extracts of leaves, stems and roots in addition to isolating and purifying glycosides from leaves and studying their various effects as antioxidant and anti-cancer agents on cancer cells in vitro and in vivo .

            The study included that all extracts had inhibitory effects on cells at different levels depending on the concentration and duration of exposure, and the glycoside extract (F1) was the most effective extract on all cancer cells, while the crude leaf extract reduced the size of tumors in implanted mice by more than 90% compared to the control sample.

            The study recommended a lot of research to find out the mechanisms of action of these extracts on cells from a molecular and cellular aspect, as well as using them in meals as one of the important vegetables because they contain many phenolic and antioxidant compounds that play an important role in ridding the body of free radicals whose accumulation leads to damage to cells. Lead to the occurrence of cancer.

The overall goal of the thesis concluded that all extracts had inhibitory effects on cells at different levels depending on the concentration and duration of exposure, and the glycoside extract (F1) was the most effective extract on all cancer cells, while the crude leaf extract reduced the size of tumors in implanted mice by more than 90% compared to the control sample.