Ph. D thesis at the faculty of science at the University of Basrah (Taxonomic study of Aspergillus section Nigri species in Basrah governorate and evaluation effect of different environmental factors on their secondary metabolites production), and showed the researcher's thesis (shaymaa saeed raheem). Thesis aims to identify species belonging to Section Nigri using phenotypic characterization on different culture media, as well as molecular identification by multiple genes, measurement of different environmental factors, studied their biodiversity, and assessed their capacity to produce melanin in solid and liquid media at different period time and concluded two new record species for the first time in Iraq, A. luchuensis  and A. welwitschiae  in addition to several new record fungal isolates and recommended utilizing additional genes for species identification, investigating other secondary metabolites produced by these species, and exploring their potential applications across various fields.