Teaching participated in the Department of Life Sciences a. Dr.. Wafa Saadoun Shani discussed a PhD thesis at the Faculty of Medicine entitled Immuno-molecular analysis of the imbalance of regulatory T cells and helper T cells 17 among patients with ankylosing spondylitis who were treated with an anti-necrosis factor-alpha drug. The importance of exchanging regulatory T cells or converting them to helper T cells 17 (Exchange Th17), and considering the reasons for the progression of joint destruction in the patient despite receiving anti-TNF-α therapy ..... and concluded the progression in patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapy Tumor necrosis is associated with a secondary change in the expression of FOXP3, RORγt, SOCS1, STAT3, STAT5 and SMAD3 genes that leads to induction of exTH1 cells and the level of IL-21 in the serum is more significant than the level of IL-6 in the serum....recommended..study Other cytokines that stimulate Th17 cells, such as TGF-β and IL-1β, as well as cytokines that may play a role in the activity and progression of AS, such as IL-23, IL-22, IL-25, IL-26, and CCL20....